The upper end of the canvas was connected to the facade with nails, with grommets and hooks, or by lacing the canvas to a head rod bolted to the facade. To lend support to larger installations, angled rafters linked the front cross bar to the building facade. At that time they consisted of timber or cast iron posts set along the sidewalk edge and linked by a front cross bar. Early 19th century Diwan-i-Khas, Red Fort, Delhi with red awnings or shamianas, in 1817Īwnings became common during the first half of the 19th century. It is believed that sailors, with their background in sailmaking and rigging were employed to build, maintain and operate the velarium. Made of linen shadecloths, timber framing, iron sockets and rope, the system could effectively shade about one-third of the arena and seating another third could be shaded by the high surrounding walls, providing a majority of seats some shade on a blinding afternoon. A Roman poet Lucretius, in 50 BC, said "Linen-awning, stretched, over mighty theatres, gives forth at times, a cracking roar, when much 'tis beaten about, betwixt the poles and cross-beams".Īmong the most significant awnings in the ancient world was the velarium, the massive complex of retractable shade structures that could be deployed above the seating areas of the Roman Colosseum. They are described as "woven mats" that shaded market stalls and homes.
In areas with wintry weather, most awnings do not have to be taken down at the end of the summer – they can remain retracted against the building all winter long, or be designed and built for those conditions.Īwnings were first used by the ancient Egyptian and Syrian civilizations. In commercial buildings, an awning is often painted with information as to the name, business, and address, thus acting as a sign or billboard as well as providing shade, breaking strong winds, and protecting from rain or snow. Restaurants often use awnings broad enough to cover substantial outdoor area for outdoor dining, parties, or reception. With the addition of columns an awning becomes a canopy, which is able to extend further from a building, as in the case of an entrance to a hotel.
The location of an awning on a building may be above a window, a door, or above the area along a sidewalk. These aluminium awnings are often used when a fabric awning is not a practical application where snow load as well as wind loads may be a factor. Awnings are also often constructed of aluminium understructure with aluminium sheeting. The configuration of this structure is something of a truss, space frame or planar frame.
It is typically composed of canvas woven of acrylic, cotton or polyester yarn, or vinyl laminated to polyester fabric that is stretched tightly over a light structure of aluminium, iron or steel, possibly wood or transparent material (used to cover solar thermal panels in the summer, but that must allow as much light as possible in the winter).
Secondary covering attached to the exterior wall of a building Art Nouveau awning in Nancy (France) City-house with an awning above the entrance, in Bucharest ( Romania) Grand Hotel with numerous awnings in Toledo, OhioĪn awning or overhang is a secondary covering attached to the exterior wall of a building.
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